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309 / 1113 · Psalms 57 · The United Kingdom · David's lifetime, c. 1015 BC (by its heading; debated)

Awake, Harp and Lyre

Debated

Anyone who has sat through a long night of storm — power out, water rising, the wind hammering the roof — knows the relief of first light. You do not sleep; you just wait for morning. Psalm 57 is a night-and-morning poem. Its heading places it in a cave while David was fleeing from Saul, with danger all around like lions ready to spring. It begins in hiding, taking refuge like a chick under its mother's wings until the storm passes. And it ends with a musician so full of confidence that he wants to get up before the sun and wake the dawn himself.

Where it sits in the story: Still in Act 3, David the anointed king is living in caves. Coming straight after 1 Samuel 24, the psalm reads like the prayer behind that restraint: David does not need to strike Saul because he trusts God to act from heaven. Its horizon, though, is far wider than one cave. It ends with praise among the peoples and nations — a reminder that Israel's God, in the Bible's big story, is never only a tribal deity.

What this chapter is doing: To show trust growing inside danger: from sheltering under God's protection, through honest description of the enemy, to a steady heart and a song that reaches beyond Israel to all nations.

Why it is read here: This psalm's heading ties it to a specific moment in David's life, so it is read at that moment. The headings are ancient but were added as the psalms were collected; most scholars treat them as early tradition rather than part of the original poem.
The walk-through
  • 57:1–3 — Be merciful to me, O God: in the shadow of your wings I will take refuge until the storms have passed. I cry to God Most High, who fulfils his purpose for me; he will send from heaven his steadfast love and faithfulness and save me.
  • 57:4–6 — The danger described: the psalmist lies among lions whose teeth are spears and arrows and whose tongues are sharp swords. The refrain breaks in — be exalted, O God, above the heavens. His enemies set a net and dug a pit, but have fallen into it themselves.
  • 57:7–11 — My heart is steadfast, O God; I will sing. Awake, harp and lyre — I will awaken the dawn. He vows to praise God among the peoples, because God's love reaches to the heavens and his faithfulness to the clouds. The refrain closes the psalm.
What it showsVerses 7–11 reappear almost word for word as the opening of Psalm 108, which joins them to part of Psalm 60 — clear evidence that Israel's worship reused and recombined older psalms. The heading's 'miktam' and tune direction 'Do Not Destroy' reflect its use in sung worship.
Where the evidence stopsThe heading does not say which cave is meant: tradition links it to Adullam (1 Samuel 22) or En-gedi (1 Samuel 24), but neither can be confirmed. The heading was added as the psalms were collected, and 'of David' can mean by, for or about him.

Key verse: Psalm 57:1  ·  So what: The psalm does not wait until the danger is over to begin praising. It sings in the cave, with the lions still outside. That is not denial — the threat is described vividly — but a decision about what will have the last word. For anyone in a long night, it offers two things to hold: a place to shelter now, and the expectation that morning will come.

← The Corner of Saul's RobeYou have just read David sparing Saul in the cave at En-gedi (1 Samuel 24); this psalm's heading places it in a cave during the flight from Saul. Next, Psalm 142, another prayer its heading sets 'in the cave'.A Prayer from the Cave →
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